IInterleukin-2 (IL-2) is part of a cytokine family showing a special structure composed of four alpha helices. That family also includes IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. IL-2 is a 15.5–16 kDa protein that has potent stimulatory activity for antigen-activated T cells. IL-2 is expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, gamma δ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils. IL-2 is also known for its dual autocrine and paracrine activities on resting T cells by triggering their proliferation while inducing its own synthesis and that of its receptor (IL-2 Rα). IL-2 immunotherapy has been used, as low-dose IL-2, in the treatment of autoimmune and chronic-inflammatory disorders; conversely, at high doses, IL-2 has shown efficacy in a subset of patients with metastatic cancer.
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